Basic Tanker Operations Practice Test

These questions are part of the practice quiz. Start practicing

• At what oxygen concentration by volume do all people experience some or all the symptoms of oxygen deficiency?
• On the graph, the operation named Critical Dilution with Air is represented by which line?
• Which action is not a precaution to be taken while topping off?
• Noxious Liquid Substances are regulated under MARPOL Annex II.
• MARPOL 73/78 divides cargo into two types, Oils and Noxious Liquid Substances.
• A US barrel contains 42 gallons.
• Volatility is a liquid's ability to produce a flammable vapor and is expressed as a specific number.
• Loading cargo liquid into the space between the hull and cargo tanks on a double hull tanker to increase voyage revenue is allowed.
• Benzene's IDLH is 500 PPM and its TLV-TWA is 1 PPM because it is a carcinogen.
• You are the PIC for a chemical liquid loading. The SDS is missing. Which resource(s) can you call for appropriate first aid guidance if a crew member ingests cargo liquid?
• Which statement about odor threshold is true?
• Relief valves relieve to
• To reduce static electricity during loading, which practice is recommended?
• TLV-TEL is a short-term exposure limit for a 15-minute window that must not be exceeded while the daily TLV is not exceeded.
• Cavitation bubbles form when the local pressure in a liquid falls below the liquid’s saturation pressure for that temperature.
• Vapor Density is the ratio of the vapor's density to the density of air.
• Runarounds and jumpers both interconnect cargo systems on a tank ship or tank barge. Which statement best describes their difference?
• The only ignition sources on tank ships and barges for starting fires are open flames and sparks.
• Where are the two measurement points for oxygen by volume in the tank during COW?
• The IMO MARPOL 73/78 International convention addresses
• The flammable or explosive range is all combinations of vapor and O2 that are ignitable mixtures.
• What unit of volume is used to measure oil capacity?
• The purpose of the 30-minute relaxation period after loading static accumulating liquids is to dissipate static charge.
• Cavitation in a pump typically causes which combination of effects?
• During loading a tanker, what should you do with the valves?
• Which statement best defines odor threshold?
• Which statement about bottom piping arrangements on tank ships and barges is correct?
• Crude Oil Washing is an effective method to remove sediment from crude oil tanker cargo tanks and lessen the Remaining on Board (ROB).
• A line displacement is a simple, routine procedure and does not need to be included in the original loading or discharge plan. True or False?
• What does the x-axis measure on this graph?
• Fixed cleaning machines incorporate automation controls, so there is no need to monitor machine setting, cycle times, or proper motion (especially rotation).
• Double hull design primarily reduces the risk of cargo leakage due to hull breach.
• Which condition indicates a cargo tank has gas freed?
• A tank that has been closed for a long time may experience which condition?
• Which of the following statements correctly identifies the x-axis on the graph?
• IDLH implies exposure is likely to cause:
• It is fortunate that people experiencing oxygen deficiency recognize both what is happening to them and have their full strength to exit the space or area?
• A characteristic of eductors is that the liquid quantity leaving the eductor is greater than the quantity pumped.
• Hull-to-tank spacing for double hull tankers is specified by which regulation?
• Above the Upper Explosive Limit, the mixture is too rich to ignite.
• What is the maximum oxygen concentration allowed for an inert tank?
• What is the purpose of bulkhead subdivision?
• IDLH stands for which of the following?
• The 60-second relaxation period after loading a static accumulating liquid is intended to allow the liquid's accumulated static charge to dissipate.
• Which are the three types of bottom piping found on tank ships and tank barges?
• Gas freed in a cargo tank occurs when the oxygen content is 21% by volume and no hydrocarbon vapor remains.
• Which professional must sign off before hot work in port?
• Which cargo property is used to assess the vapor space condition of a cargo tank?
• Which of the following best describes the information typically contained in a Safety Data Sheet?
• Vapors that are denser than air collect in low areas. True or False?
• A void or empty space separating two spaces is a
• Which statement best describes the 30-minute relaxation period after loading static accumulating liquid?
• Installing strainers before pumps is usual practice because:
• Static accumulating liquids can accumulate a static electric charge.
• MARPOL Annex II identifies four pollution categories: X, Y, Z, and Other.
• A longitudinal framing system is characterized by which of the following?
• When bunkering in port with other vessels nearby, what signal should be displayed for daytime and nighttime signaling?
• Which statement best describes what a safety data sheet contains?
• High velocity venting devices are designed to achieve a minimum exit velocity of
• Though three hull designs exist which minimize cargo outflow in a grounding and/or collision, the USCG allows only one within US waters. Which design is it?
• Which of the following are signs that a pump is cavitating?
• The Gate Valve is described as which characteristic?
• The Ball or Plug Valve is categorized as which characteristic?
• Benzene's Immediately Dangerous to Health or Life is 500PPM, but its TLV-TWA is only 1 PPM because it is known as a carcinogen.
• What duration is the relaxation period after loading a static accumulating liquid?
• Slack is defined as liquid content of what range?
• Volatility is a liquids ability to produce a flammable vapor and is expressed as a specific number on a scale from 0-10.
• Which statement about ignitable vapor–air mixtures is true?
• Longitudinal bulkheads function.
• Issues which can arise when cargo pump suction and/or discharge sides are cross connected are
• In USCG grade E classification, grade E represents which category of petroleum liquids?
• Purging (blowing air into the tank) is used to achieve what?
• The objective of crude oil washing is to
• Crude Oil Washed (COW) systems require the stripping system capacity to achieve the tank bottom being dry. Which percentage is specified for this capacity relative to tank cleaning machines?
• What is one method to generate static electricity in a tank?
• Which condition corresponds to the 'Slack' status of a cargo tank?
• A 'free-flow' bottom cargo piping system is most likely to be found on which vessel type?
• Inert gas (excluding nitrogen) usually contains 2-5% oxygen. Besides oxygen deficiency, which component makes it highly toxic?
• A line displacement is a simple, routine procedure and does not need to be in the original loading or discharge plan. Adding it at the last minute is not an issue. True or False
• Longitudinal bulkheads restrict the amount of cargo liquid moving to the low side of a roll, thereby improving transverse stability.
• A cross-connected cargo pump suction and discharge system can lead to overheating of the pump with lower discharge flow.
• Which statement correctly describes the relative protection levels Type 1, Type 2, and Type 3?
• Which description correctly defines flashpoint?
• For flammable liquids, the USCG uses their Reid vapor pressure to categorize them as Class A, Class B, and Class C.
• On a double hull ship, ballast water is permitted only in which tanks?
• Which statement best describes the value of SDSs for cargo liquids?
• NLS tankers tank size limits are based on vessel size, not ship type.
• A static accumulating cargo initially loads at a reduced rate until the tank bottom structure is immersed and the liquids surface is smooth. This process is called
• Which hull design name is associated with minimizing cargo outflow in grounding or collision scenarios?
• After loading a static accumulating liquid, a 30-minute relaxation period is observed. The purpose of the relaxation period is to
• During COW, tankers must have operational _________ and use it.
• We are transferring cargo liquid at a certain rate, the IG system must
• After loading a static accumulating liquid, a 30 minute relaxation period is observed. What is the purpose of this relaxation period?
• What is benzene's Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH) value?
• According to USCG, are tank ships and tank barges both self-propelled?
• In a properly inerted system, what is the maximum allowed oxygen concentration?
• Which document records the oil content of oily discharges?
• In tanker cargo tank statuses, which condition describes 'Empty'?
• After loading a static- accumulating cargo, no metallic equipment is put into the tank for __ minutes after the liquid flow ends.
• When is the best time to review the next voyage cargo liquid SDSs?
• What does TLV-TEL represent?
• Static accumulating liquids are good electrical conductors.
• Which device connects non ranged cargo piping?
• The Threshold Limit Value-Ceiling duration can be exceeded for up to 15 minutes with no consequences to the exposed person's health or life.
• Which of the following is NOT a listed common pump classification?
• After loading a static accumulating liquid, the 60-second relaxation period is to what?
• Which statement about the Freshwater Allowance (FWA) is true?
• Regarding tank cleaning in tanker design, which statement is accurate?
• Which statement correctly describes the axes of the graph?
• An emitted vapor has a vapor density greater than 1; its hazard is that it 'falls' and settles in pockets on deck.
• Fixed cleaning machines are falling into disfavor and less commonly found aboard tankers and tank barges.
• Pumps are classified by the method by which they move and increase pressure of the liquid. Which classifications are most commonly listed?
• One action done before entering a cargo pump room is to start the force draft fans for ventilation.
• Crude Oil Washing is an effective way to remove oil and sediment from crude oil tanker cargo tanks and lessen the ROB (Remaining on Board).
• Benzene's immediately dangerous to health or life is 500 ppm but its threshold limit value time weighted average is only 1 ppm because it is a known carcinogen
• Who must attend the pre-transfer conference?
• Heating coils can be operated regardless of the amount, i.e., the level of cargo in the tank. True or False
• The explosive range (LEL to UEL) can change when the surrounding oxygen concentration changes.
• Where do most cargo fires start on tankers?
• A longitudinal framing system contains numerous, closely spaced transverse frames and few widely spaced longitudinal structural stiffeners.
• Successful cargo operations begin with crew familiarity with equipment and piping; tracing piping is valuable.
• Which statement about PEL-TWA is true?
• Reducing shifts of the cargo's center of gravity has what effect on stability?
• At the autoignition temperature, the external ignition source is so small as to be undetectable.
• Which of the below liquids may be loaded into the double hull section of a tanker?
• A 'free-flow bottom cargo piping system is most likely to be found on a Very Large Crude Carrier (VLCC).
• A vapor with density greater than air tends to collect in pockets on deck.
• Which valve is most commonly used for throttling and precise flow control?
• The statement 'A longitudinal framing system contains numerous, closely spaced transverse frames and few widely spaced longitudinal structural stiffeners' is:
• A US barrel contains how many gallons?
• Volatility is a liquid's ability to produce a flammable vapor and is expressed as a specific number on a scale of 1-10. This statement is:
• Threshold Limit Value - Time Weighted Average (TLV-TWA) describes which of the following?
• The capacity of the stripping system in tanks that are COWed (Crude Oil Washed) is ____% of the tank cleaning machines, so the tank bottom is dry.
• A US barrel contains ______ gallons
• An oxygen-deficient atmosphere can exist in a freshwater tank due to oxidation of steel within it.
• Common pump problems encountered are caused by:
• Reid Vapor Pressure is used by the USCG in the classification of what products?
• Which condition describes cavitation when it occurs in a pump?
• What are the X and Y axes on the graph?
• Which gas is commonly used to inert cargo tanks?
• Which statement about odor threshold is true?
• Tank cleaning machines can generate static electricity due to high velocity cleaning medium.
• Ceiling (TLV-C) is defined as the maximum concentration of vapor in air (can also be expressed as a permissible exposure limit) that is NEVER allowed.
• If a flange gasket leak is detected during testing, what action should be taken?
• The International Safety Guide for Oil Tankers and Terminals (ISGOTT) recommends that the initial flow rate for static accumulators be
• During Crude Oil Washing, the maximum oxygen by volume at the two measurement levels is what value?
• In hot climates, keeping all doors to the accommodation block open to take advantage of the prevailing breeze and lessen the air conditioning load is recommended.
• Which system is required to perform Crude Oil Washing?
• Hydrocarbon liquids contain only hydrocarbon and carbon atoms.
• Which of the following is the international code that defines Type 1, Type 2, and Type 3 protection levels for ships carrying dangerous chemicals?
• Under U.S. Coast Guard regulations, what must be lined up correctly before transferring cargo?
• Which phrase would you expect on a tanker warning sign?
• ISGOTT is a guide for oil tankers and terminals.
• What does ullage measure in tanker operations?
• For USCG both tank ships and tank barges are self propelled.
• Which pair of tanker designs are described as relying on the sea's hydrostatic force to prevent cargo outflow?
• What does MARPOL 73/78 address?
• IMO's MARPOL cleaning criteria require that all horizontal and vertical tank surfaces are washed by direct impingement or by deflection or splashing of the impinging jet.
• Mixmasters never lead to contamination because of their valves seldom pass (leak) and they are always properly aligned for the intended cargo transfer.
• A fuel/air mixture below LEL is
• Reid Vapor Pressure is defined as what?
• PPE use is only required by crew members drawing samples or sitting near open tank hatches.
• Which organization is associated with the rule that tank ships are self-propelled and tank barges are not self-propelled?
• Which statement about static accumulating liquids in properly inerted cargo tanks is true?
• The USCG tank ship is self propelled and the tank barge is not self propelled.
• In tanker transfer terminology, runaround refers to hard piping, and jumper refers to a hose.
• MARPOL 73/78 and US CFR stipulate hull to tank spacing for double hulls based on vessel size.
• Due to their high strength, loading arms can be moved without being drained.
• The abbreviated name for a tug and barge combination in which the tug fits into a notch at the barge's stern, propels the barge by pushing it, and is not permanently connected to the barge is an
• Which group must attend the pre-transfer conference?
• Which statement best describes Plan B in cargo transfer planning?
• Inert gas (other than nitrogen) usually contains only 2-5% oxygen. Besides being oxygen deficient for humans, which component makes it extremely toxic?
• Benzene's Immediately Dangerous to Health or Life is 500PPM, but its TLV-TWA is only 1PPM because it is known as a carcinogen.
• LEL stands for
• Which statement defines the two cargo-liquid categories?
• Who enforces shipping regulations?
• OPA 90 only covers tank ships and barges.
• USCG allows only one hull design within US waters.
• Which of the following indicates a properly inerted space?
• NLS tank size limits are based on which factor?
• How many MARPOL Annex II pollution categories exist and how many ship types are defined?
• Why is benzene's TLV-TWA value set at 1 PPM, according to the material?
• Cargo tanks are inerted with nitrogen in which situations?
• Which alarm is NOT found on an inert gas system?
• Which valve type is best suited for on/off control due to its quick action?
• All overboard oily discharges are monitored for oil content and entered in the Oil Record Book. True or False?
• What does TLV-TWA represent?
• According to ISGOTT, the relaxation period after loading static accumulating liquids need not be followed.
• Vapor Pressure is more useful to PICs because it more closely measures a cargo tank's actual vapor space condition.
• The statement that GLUCKAUF was the first tanker to use its hull as part of the cargo boundary is true.
• The preferred operating mode for the pump suction is?
• In inert gas (excluding nitrogen) which contains 2-5% oxygen, which component contributes to its toxicity?
• A cargo tank is considered Slack when it contains liquid in what range of capacity?
• Cavitation is described as the formation of bubbles when the local pressure falls below the liquid’s saturation pressure for that temperature.
• MARPOL 73/78 addresses pollution of the marine environment.
• Vapor density greater than 1 hazard: which outcome is correct?
• Which statement correctly describes a fuel/air mixture that is below the lower explosive limit?
• Which pairing of terms to definitions correctly matches the definitions?
• What does PEL-TWA stand for?
• Which statement best describes the IDLH level's meaning?
• Liquid petroleum products can accumulate a static electric charge by
• Which axis is labeled Oxygen % Volume on the graph?
• MARPOL 73/78 Annex II addresses tankers carrying Noxious Liquid Substances.
• Benzene's threshold limit value time weighted average is 1 ppm.
• Which statement best defines flash point, according to the material?
• The abbreviated name for a tug and barge combination in which the tug fits into a notch at the barge's stern, propels the barge by pushing it, and is not permanently connected to the barge is
• The required gas supply capacity of an inert gas system is 125% of the capacity of which component?
• TLV-TEL is a concentration to which workers can be exposed continuously for a short period of time (15 minute, weighted average), provided the daily TLV is also not exceeded.
• When a cargo tank is properly inerted, the precautions for handling static accumulating liquids need not be followed.
• A void or empty space separating two spaces is called a
• In a liquid fire, it is the emitted vapor from the liquid which is burning
• At the auto ignition temperature the external ignition source is so small as to be undetectable.
• Cargo liquids are categorized into two types: flammable (defined by flash point and Reid vapor pressure) and combustible (defined by flash point). Which criterion differentiates them?
• What certifies what a ship can carry?
• Non ranged cargo piping is connected by which device?
• A cargo tank is gas freed when it
• If a vapor's density is greater than 1, it tends to settle and pose a hazard.
• Inert gas (other than nitrogen) usually contains only 2-5% oxygen. Besides being oxygen deficient for humans, what other component makes it extremely toxic?
• Inerting cargo tanks with nitrogen is used to prevent cargo liquid exposure to oxygen during the voyage.
• What is the primary purpose of inerting cargo tanks?
• Inert gas (besides nitrogen) usually contains only 2-5% oxygen. Besides being oxygen deficient for humans, what other component makes it extremely toxic?
• At the auto ignition temperature, the external ignition source is so small as to be undetectable.
• A Safety Data Sheet (SDS) contains information about a cargo's hazards, properties, and safe handling. This statement is best described as:
• What is the usual working pressure for a hose?
• The difference between a tank ship and a tank barge is that the tank barge is not self-propelled.
• An emitted vapor has a vapor density greater than 1; its hazard is that it 'falls' and settles in pockets on deck.
• Nitrogen gas can be used to inert cargo tanks. In which situation is it used?
• The lowest temperature at which sufficient vapor is emitted by a liquid to form an ignitable mixture in the presence of an external ignition source is its
• On the dilution graph used in tank operations, purging (blowing air into the tank) corresponds to which line?
• After washing a tank three times in preparation for hot work, the hydrocarbon concentration remains at 1%. The orders are to gas-free the tank. The next step is to
• Which protection level provides the maximum protection when transporting substances that pose the greatest environmental risk if an uncontrolled release from the vessel occurs?
• Which statement correctly describes safety data sheets?
• Reid Vapor Pressure measures what?
• Crude oil's rotten egg smell is hydrogen sulfide. Personnel exposed to H2S can experience
• The TVL-TWA for a cargo liquid's emitted vapor is different on deck and inside a cargo tank.
• To perform hot work in a port, which sign-off is required?
• Which vessel type is not self-propelled according to USCG definitions?
• What term describes the distance from the top of a tank to the surface of the liquid?
• Inert gas excluding nitrogen usually contains what percent oxygen?
• A key element of developing the modern tanker was moving from carrying cargo in large casks to tanks fitted in the ship and discharged using pumps on the ships.
• Which of the following is not listed as a pump classification?
• Which term refers to the vapor concentration in air that can be detected by most individuals through sense of smell and is not an absolute value?
• If spilled, HFO is easier to clean up than a refined product.
• When getting ready to top off a tank, which statement should you start the radio communication with the terminal?
• Portable tank cleaning machines are easy to rig up and operate.
• Which hull design is allowed within US waters by USCG to minimize cargo outflow?
• Short-Term Exposure Limit (STEL) refers to which of the following?
• Inert gas (other than nitrogen) usually contains only 2-5% oxygen. Besides being oxygen deficient for humans, which component makes it extremely toxic?
• Which topic does MARPOL address?
• Which statement is true regarding eductors?
• A cargo tank is considered Full when its contents fill at least 98% of its volumetric capacity.
• Fire Point is the lowest temp that emitted vapor can burn for 6 seconds after initial fire
• After providing appropriate first aid for ingestion, there is no need for follow-up with medical authorities.
• MARPOL 73/78 Annex II has four pollution categories (X, Y, Z, and Other) and 3 Ship Types (1, 2, and 3).
• OPA90 was enacted before EXXON VALDEZ grounded in Prince William Sound.
• Which term describes the concentration that must not be exceeded in the workplace for an 8-hour period?
• Static accumulating liquids are good electrical conductors.
• What does the y-axis measure on this graph?
• Which statement describes the fire point?
• Which valve type is designed to prevent backflow and maintain one-way flow?
• Which of the following would NOT be considered a bottom piping arrangement on a tank ship?
• Non-flanged cargo piping is connected by which device?
• The ISGOTT guidance on static accumulators states the initial flow rate should be restricted to about 1 meter per second.
• Free surface's negative effect on stability is reduced by
• International Safety Guide for Oil Tankers and Terminals recommends initial flow rate of static accumulators be restricted to (meters per second)
• Which of the following is a MARPOL Annex II pollution category?
• The PEL-TWA concentration for a benzene regulated cargo is?
• Who completes the certificate of inspection for a tanker?
• Permissible Exposure Limit - Time Weighted Average (PEL-TWA) describes which of the following?
• Portable tank cleaning machines are easy to rig up and operate. Consequently, fixed cleaning machines are falling into disfavor and less commonly found aboard tankers and tank barges.
• What is the objective of crude oil washing?
• Which condition indicates gas freed?
• The IBC and CH specify three levels of protection against uncontrolled release of cargo, type 1, type 2, type 3. Which provides the maximum level of protection possible when transporting substances that pose the greatest environmental risk if an uncontrolled release from the vessel should occur?
• Which alarm is NOT found on an inert gas system?
• Which statement best defines flashpoint?
• Which line would you select for Critical Dilution with Air operation?
• To the USCG, tank ships are self-propelled and tank barges are not self-propelled.
• If a tank is described as Empty, which statement is true?
• Which line is safe to switch from purging to gas freeing on the graph?
• To reduce the risk from static electricity during loading, which practice is recommended?
• Under TLV guidelines, which term represents the 15-minute, weighted-average exposure limit?
• What is the PEL-TWA for benzene regulated cargo?
• A tank containing 50% of its capacity is Slack.
• Which action can generate a static charge?
• Autoignition temperature is defined as which of the following?
• During tank cleaning, there is no need to monitor the tank's atmosphere.
• What does PEL-TWA represent?
• Fire Point is defined as?
• What is the maximum oxygen content by volume allowed in the tank's vapor space before loading when inerting?
• Which statement about oxygen deficiency hazards in closed tanks is true?
• The three types of bottom piping found on tank ships and tank barges are direct loop, ring main, and free flow
• Before using an eductor, the discharge stream quantity must be considered because the discharge stream quantity needs to be accounted for.
• Which term describes the international agreement aimed at preventing pollution from ships?
• Benzene's Immediately Dangerous to Health or Life is 500 PPM, but its TLV-TWA is only 1 PPM because it is known as a carcinogen.
• What is the preferred operating mode for the pump suction?
• Static suction lift means the surface of the liquid is located relative to the pump suction?
• A fuel/air mixture below the lower explosive limit is too lean to burn.
• Which vessel type is self-propelled under USCG terms?
• Which statement about MARPOL Annex II pollution category in SDSs is true?
• Immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH) is best described as which of the following?
• During tank cleaning, monitoring the tank atmosphere is necessary.
• Positive displacement pumps cannot be damaged by solids intrained in the liquid being pumped.
• A vapor with a density greater than 1 is heavier than air and tends to settle in low areas. Which of the following best describes this statement?
• The best time to review SDSs for the next voyage is:
• TLV-TWA stands for time-weighted average exposure over which period?
• Free surface effect is caused by the shift of the onboard liquids' center of gravity to the low side when a vessel heels.
• What key development in tanker design enabled cargo to be discharged using pumps on the ship?
• In inert gas systems used on tankers, the gas introduced to the cargo tank primarily functions by reducing which component of the atmosphere?
• What is the minimum level of oxygen that must be present in an atmosphere to make a safe entry without breathing apparatus?
• Which condition is described as a pump shaking and sounding like a gremlin?
• Which statement about maintaining oxygen content in inerted cargo tanks is correct?
• Does the SDS include MARPOL 73/78 Annex II pollution category?
• What does the acronym COW stand for?
• Portable electric lights used in a petroleum tank must be
• What should be done in case of a problem with cargo transfer?
• Who is responsible for providing the appropriate SDS for each cargo liquid?
• MARPOL 73 addressed growing consequences of pollution caused by larger tankers and the realization that Earth's marine environment is fragile.
• What is the correct TLV-TWA value for benzene?
• To avoid the danger zone, which line would be considered safe for switching from purging to gas freeing?
• Is opening the valve(s) to the next tank being loaded before closing the valve(s) to the tank presently being tested considered a best practice?
• The required gas supply capacity of an inert gas system is 125% of which capacity?
• Vapor Pressure is more useful to PICs because it more closely measures a cargo tank's actual vapor space condition.
• The preparation for cargo operations emphasizes familiarity with equipment and system piping.
• If a chemical liquid loading incident occurs and the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) is missing, which two resources should you contact for appropriate first aid guidance?
• NLS tankers tank size limits are based on ship type, not vessel size.
• Common pump problems encountered are caused by which of the following?
• To the USCG, tank ships are self-propelled and tank barges are not self-propelled.
• Non-metallic hose for oil transfer can be used if
• What unit is used to measure oil capacity?
• The initial flow rate for static accumulators recommended by ISGOTT be restricted to
• The double hull section of a tanker is capable of carrying which of the following liquids?
• What is the PEL-TWA concentration for a benzene regulated cargo?
• Which document sets the overall construction and equipment requirements for ships carrying dangerous chemicals?
• Inert gas mixtures may contain a toxic component. Which statement is true?
• Odor threshold is an unreliable detection method for toxic vapors because noses quickly notice the sweet odors.
• A void (or empty space) between two bulkheads is called a
• What does ATB stand for in maritime towing?
• Which line is safe to switch from purging to gas freeing on the graph?
• The connection to make up a tug and tank barge unit can be which of the following?
• Transverse framing is characterized by numerous athwartships frames attached to the keel and was developed during the transition from wooden to iron/steel ships.
• Free surface effect is most significant when tanks are partially filled.
• Double hull ships may only have ballast in which tanks?
• What is the cargo left behind that cannot be removed?
• Ability to clean tanks is not an important consideration when designing a tanker.
• Which statement about LEL and UEL is NOT true?
• Which statement is true about lines relative to the danger zone on the graph?
• What is the primary safety objective of introducing inert gas into a cargo tank?
• Which condition of a vessel's tanks produces the greatest destabilizing free surface effect?
• Inerted cargo tanks with nitrogen are used in which situations?
• The flammable or explosive range is all combinations of vapor and O2 that are ignitable mixtures.
• MARPOL cleaning criteria allows washing by deflection or splashing of the impinging jet.
• Nitrogen gas can be used to inert cargo tanks. In which situation(s) is it used?
• OPA 90 only covers tank ships and barges
• A void or empty space between two bulkheads is called which term?
• Odor Threshold is an invaluable first line detection tool for toxic vapors because human noses quickly notice the sweet odors they emit.
• A tank containing 0% of its capacity is Empty.
• Which statement best describes the purpose of a Safety Data Sheet?
• Which valve is designed to prevent backflow in the discharge line of a cargo pump?
• After World War II, tanker size grew exponentially, and there were plans for an unbuilt 1,000,000 DWT vessel.
• After loading a static accumulating cargo, no metallic equipment is put into the tank for how many minutes after the liquid flow ends?
• When providing first aid to a poisoned person, what should you check first (the ABC sequence)?
• Which of the following is not a precaution to be taken while topping off?
• Which line would be considered safe to switch from purging to gas freeing?
• When securing a tug and barge connection, which method besides hydraulically operated rams or pins can be used to augment the connection?
• The number of hull designs that minimize cargo outflow in grounding or collision is three.
• During tank cleaning, there is a need to monitor the tank atmosphere.
• Benzene's IDHL is 500 ppm.
• Which of the below listed liquids may be loaded into the double hull section of a tanker?
• IG in a tank is maintained at pressure so any leakage is IG out of the tank, and not air into the tank.
• Free surface's negative effect on stability is reduced by
• Static accumulating liquids are good electrical conductors.
• What is the lowest temperature at which a liquid can emit enough vapor to form an ignitable mixture in the presence of an external ignition source?
• A fuel/air mixture below the lower explosive limit is too
• According to MARPOL cleaning criteria, which methods are acceptable for washing?
• Volatility is a liquids ability to produce a flammable vapor and is expressed as a specific number.
• CHEMTREC should be contacted because they have all the answers.
• What is thieving in tanker operations?
• Fixed cleaning machines incorporate automation controls, so there is no need to monitor machine setting, cycle times, or proper motion (especially rotation).
• Which valve is typically used for throttling the flow to achieve fine control?
• MARPOL Annex II uses four pollution categories and three ship types.
• Which statement is true regarding benzene exposure limits as described?
• What type of valve is used on the discharge side of a cargo pump?
• During tank cleaning, there is no need to monitor the tank's atmosphere.
• Which alarm is not found on an inert gas system?
• A tank containing 99% of its capacity is considered Full.
• Which of the following lists the benzene PEL-TWA correctly?
• The TVL-TWA for a cargo liquid's emitted vapor are different on deck and inside a cargo tank.
• TLV-TWA is defined as airborne concentrations of substances which represent conditions under which it is believed that nearly all workers may be repeatedly exposed day after day without adverse health effects.
• In USCG classification, Grade E corresponds to which type of liquid?
• Which statement accurately describes flashpoint classification with respect to temperature?
• Above the Upper Explosive Limit, the proportion of vapor in the mixture is too high to ignite and burn; the mixture is 'too rich'.
• IG in a tank is maintained at pressure so any leakage is IG out of the tank, and not air into the tank.
• What are the X and Y axes on the graph?
• A cargo tank is gas freed when it has an oxygen content 21% by volume and no hydrocarbon vapor present.
• Reid Vapor Pressure is used by the USCG in the classification of what products?
• Static accumulating liquids are good electrical conductors.
• Though three hull designs exist which minimize cargo outflow in a grounding and/or collision, the USCG allows only one within US waters. Which design is it?
• Which gas is tested for first when assessing the atmosphere of a space?
• Who is responsible for preparing the Safety Data Sheet for a specific liquid?
• Crude oil's rotten egg smell is hydrogen sulfide. Personnel exposed to increasing H2S concentrations can expect to experience
• What does ROB stand for in crude oil tanker operations?
• Which gas is commonly used to inert cargo tanks to reduce flammability risk?
• Fully inerted means the cargo tank contains only inert gas.
• What is the primary purpose of bottom piping on tank ships?
• MARPOL 73/78 is primarily concerned with what topic?
• At a minimum, a cargo hose is tested __ to __ % of its MAWP.
• Flash Point is defined as which of the following?
• What is the purpose of the 60-second relaxation period after loading a static accumulating liquid?
• A characteristic of eductors is that the liquid quantity leaving the eductor is greater than the quantity of the fluid being pumped. True or False?
• MARPOL Annex II defines pollution categories and ship types. How many categories and ship types are specified?
• As the first tanker to use its hull as part of the cargo boundary, GLUCKAUF is said to be the first tanker.
• Positive displacement pumps cannot be damaged by solids entrained in the liquid being pumped.
• The Globe Valve is described as which characteristic?
• What is the primary purpose of maintaining inert gas pressure in a tank?
• USCG classifies cargoes as either flammable or combustible based on flashpoint, and then divides flammable liquids by Reid Vapor Pressure.
• What does the acronym COW stand for in crude oil tanker operations?
• Which organization administers MARPOL 73/78?
• Plan B in a cargo transfer plan is:
• Which statement best describes gas freed state in a cargo tank?
• Fixed cleaning machines are falling into disfavor and less commonly found aboard tankers.
• Which vessel type is most likely to use a free-flow bottom cargo piping system?
• Ceiling limit refers to which of the following?
• The threshold value limit ceiling can be exceeded for up to 15 minutes with no health consequences.
• Inert gas used to fill cargo tanks typically contains what range of oxygen by volume?
• All overboard oily discharges are monitored for oil content and recorded in which logbook?
• In the graph, which line represents the operation of Critical Dilution with Air?
• Though three hull designs exist which minimize cargo outflow in a grounding and/or collision, the USCG allows only one within US waters. Which design is it?
• A Very Large Crude Carrier is capable of carrying crude oil.
• Which condition describes a lean fuel/air mixture?
• At what oxygen concentration by volume will all people experience some symptoms of oxygen deficiency?
• When getting ready to top off a tank, which statement best describes the required initial communication with the terminal?
• Inerting oxygen content at or below what percent by volume?
• In the USCG's classification of petroleum liquids, Grade E is a
• MARPOL Annex II addresses tankers carrying Noxious Liquid Substances.
• What is the lowest temperature at which sufficient vapors form a flammable mixture?
• At the autoignition temperature, the external ignition source is so small as to be undetectable.
• Which liquid is permissible to load into the double hull section of a tanker?
• Lower Explosive Limit is defined as which of the following?
• Heating coils can be operated in all cargo levels.
• What does PEL-TWA stand for?
• A fuel/air mixture below the lower explosive limit is too
• In a tank that has been closed for a long period, what condition may occur?
• The capacity of the stripping system in tanks that are COWed (Crude Oil Washed) is ____% of the tank cleaning machines, so the tank bottom is “dry” ie, not under a layer of crude oil being washed.
• Ceiling (TLV-C) refers to the maximum concentration of vapor in air that is:
• In Crude Oil Washed tanks, stripping capacity is 125% of the tank cleaning machines.
• Why are strainers installed before pumps?
• The static suction lift of a pump is the difference in elevation between the pump impeller centerline and
• Which statement best defines Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health (IDLH)?
• Under MARPOL 73/78 and US CFR, hull-to-tank spacing for double hulls is based on what factor?
• Liquid petroleum products can accumulate a static electric charge by
• The International Safety Guide for Oil Tankers and Terminals recommends the initial flow rate of static accumulators be restricted to how many meters per second?
• During sampling, which device is lowered into the tank to obtain a cargo sample?
• Odor Threshold is defined as...
• Cofferdam
• Issues which can arise when cargo pump suction and/or discharge sides are cross connected are
• Which term describes the maximum vapor concentration in air that is NEVER allowed?
• The emergency shutdown requirements apply to
• IDLH is defined as a condition that poses a threat of exposure to airborne contaminants when the exposure is likely to cause death or immediate or delayed permanent adverse health effects or prevent escape from such environment.
• USCG classifies cargoes as either flammable or combustible based on flashpoint, and then divides flammable liquids by Reid Vapor Pressure.
• If the Safety Data Sheet is missing during an incident, who can you call 24/7 for first aid guidance on ingestion of cargo liquid?
• The 'Threshold Limit Value - Ceiling' can be exceeded for up to 15 minutes with no consequences to health or life of the exposed person.
• Which parameter is used to classify flammable liquids?
• Which gas is tested for first when assessing the atmosphere of a space?
• A static accumulating cargo must be initially loaded at a reduced rate until the bottom framing of the tank is immersed in the cargo. This process is called
• What is the auto ignition temperature?
• After loading a static accumulating liquid, a 60 second relaxation period is observed. What is its purpose?
• After washing a tank three times, hydrocarbon concentration drops to 1%. The orders are to gas-free the tank. The next step is to
• High velocity venting devices usually have
• Which signal indicates bunkering operations are in progress during signaling in port?
• The fitting at the bitter end of the bottom piping to each cargo tank is called what?
• "Plan B" in a cargo transfer plan is,
• OPA90 was enacted before the Exxon Valdez grounding.
• What is the minimum oxygen concentration necessary to enter a space?
• Cavitation bubbles form when the local pressure in a fluid falls below the liquid's saturation pressure for that temperature. Provided there is no air leakage, these bubbles are saturated vapor of the liquid.
• What is the purpose of a 30-minute relaxation period after loading a static accumulating liquid?
• Mid-deck and Coulumbi designs rely on which force to prevent cargo outflow?
• In US regulations, which term is not considered a discharge?
• What is the standard wording of a tanker warning sign?
• Vapor Density is the ratio of an emitted vapor's density to the density of air.
• Hydrocarbon liquids contain only hydrogen and carbon atoms.
• Which valve type is described as providing one-way flow?
• In a special liquid fire, the vapors emitted come from which source?
• A free-flow bottom cargo piping system is typical on which vessel type?
• In the USCG classification of petroleum liquids, grade E is a
• Which description correctly defines a cofferdam?
• OPA 90 is a regulation related to oil pollution that applies to vessels and facilities, not only ships.
• Which statement best describes a key development in the modern tanker?
• Which of the following are signs that a pump is cavitating?
• What is not considered discharge?
• The Oil Record Book is used to record information about oil content and discharges.
• If you are stripping a tank, you must
• What is the typical oxygen content in inert gas (excluding nitrogen)?
• An oxygen-deficient atmosphere can exist in a freshwater tank due to rusting of the steel within it.
• Tank cleaning machines can generate static electricity due to high velocity cleaning medium.
• ROB stands for Remaining on Board.
• What is the PEL-TWA for benzene regulated cargo?
• IMO's MARPOL cleaning criteria states that all horizontal and vertical areas are washed by direct impingement or effectively by deflection or splashing of the impinging jet.
• A fully operated Inert Gas System is required to perform COW. At the two levels, one meter below the top of the tank and its mid-height, the maximum O2 by volume is?
• Before entering a cargo space, ventilation with force draft fans should be established.
• What does the Freshwater Allowance (FWA) account for?
• In the context of the graph, which line corresponds to Critical Dilution with Air?
• SDSs for cargo liquids with identical product trade names from different sources are:
• The design that minimizes cargo outflow during grounding and collision is the Double Hull.
• During COW, tankers must have operational ______ and use it.
• Longitudinal bulkheads are used to restrict shifts in the cargo's center of gravity and improve stability.
• What is the primary danger associated with free surface effects?
• Which hull design is allowed by the USCG within US waters to minimize cargo outflow in grounding and/or collision?
• What is the term for the space between tanks that acts as a barrier?
• Which description matches the 'Full' status of a cargo tank?
• Which condition defines an empty cargo tank?
• ATB stands for
• Device for connecting non flanged pipes
• Which statement about ignition ranges is NOT true?
• MARPOL 73 addressed growing consequences of pollution caused by larger tankers and the realization that Earth's marine environment is fragile.
• Which valve type is primarily used to protect equipment from backflow by allowing flow in only one direction?
• Which statement about MARPOL 73/78 is correct?
• What is the abbreviated name for a tug and barge combination in which the tug fits into a notch at the barge's stern and pushes the barge, without permanent connection?
• Handling precautions for static accumulating liquids need not be followed for properly inerted cargo tanks.
• On a double hull tanker, to increase voyage revenue, cargo liquid is allowed to be loaded in the space between the vessel's hull and cargo tanks.
• Which statement best describes autoignition temperature?
• After World War II, tanker size exponentially grew, with plans for an unbuilt 1 million DWT vessel.
• To prevent the pinching of cargo hoses, which action should be taken?
• The static suction lift of a pump is the difference in elevation between the pump impeller centerline and
• Which term is defined as a void space between two bulkheads?
• The Freshwater Allowance (FWA) accounts for the density difference between fresh water and salt water. Applying it allows vessels to load for the water type(s) encountered in its voyage, and the vessel must remain afloat. True or False
• Pumps are classified by the method by which they move and increase pressure of the liquid. Which of the following is a pump classification?
• Mid-deck and Coulumbi designs rely on sea's hydrostatic force to prevent cargo outflow.
• The fitting at the bitter end of the bottom of the piping to each cargo tank is called what?
• Fire Point is defined as which of the following?
• Autoignition Temperature is the temperature at which
• The Threshold Limit Value-Ceiling duration can be exceeded for up to 15 minutes with no consequences to the exposed person's health or life.
• True or False: Odor threshold is touted as an invaluable first-line detector for toxic vapors because all vapors have pleasant odors.
• After loading a static accumulating liquid, a 30 minute 'relaxation period' is observed. Its purpose is for the
• Tracing the actual system piping during cargo operations is a valuable activity.
• The connection to make up a tug and tank barge ATB unit can be
• Heating coils can be operated regardless of the amount, i.e., the level of cargo in the tank. True or False?
• In tanker operations, what does bunkering refer to?
• Handling precautions for static accumulating liquids need not be followed for properly inerted cargo tanks.
• Which valve type is described as Quick Acting?
• Which axis is labeled Hydrocarbon % Volume on the graph?
• The Freshwater Allowance accounts for the density difference between fresh water and salt water and allows vessels to load for encountered water types; the vessel must remain afloat. True or False?
• Line displacement should be included in the original loading or discharge plan.
• What operation is purging (blowing air into the tank) on the dilution graph?
• Which of the following is true regarding benzene PEL-TWA values?
• Odor Threshold is defined as which of the following?
• Plan B is best described as:
• In the context of flammable liquids, Reid vapor pressure is used by the USCG to categorize them.
• Which statement about cavitation is not true?
• MARPOL 73/78 divides cargo into two types, Oils and Noxious Liquid Substances
• Opening the valve(s) to the next tank being loaded before closing the valve(s) to the tank presently being tested is a 'best practice.' True or False
• To declare a space gas-free, hydrocarbon concentration must be reduced to what level?
• Reid Vapor Pressure is used by the USCG in the classification of what products?
• Which axis is labeled Hydrocarbon % Volume on the graph?
• Flash point is the lowest temperature at which emitted vapor burns without an external ignition source